Pathologic Changes in Wild Birds Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses, South Korea, 2014 - Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015
Research
Pathologic Changes in Wild Birds Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses, South Korea, 2014
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Hye-Ryoung Kim, Yong-Kuk Kwon, Il Jang, Youn-Jeong Lee, Hyun-Mi Kang, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Byung-Min Song, Hee-Soo Lee, Yi-Seok Joo, Kyung-Hyun Lee, Hyun-Kyoung Lee, Kang-Hyun Baek, and You-Chan Bae
Abstract
In January 2014, an outbreak of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus began on a duck farm in South Korea and spread to other poultry farms nearby. During this outbreak, many sick or dead wild birds were found around habitats frequented by migratory birds. To determine the causes of death, we examined 771 wild bird carcasses and identified HPAI A(H5N8) virus in 167. Gross and histologic lesions were observed in pancreas, lung, brain, and kidney of Baikal teals, bean geese, and whooper swans but not mallard ducks. Such lesions are consistent with lethal HPAI A(H5N8) virus infection. However, some HPAI-positive birds had died of gunshot wounds, peritonitis, or agrochemical poisoning rather than virus infection. These findings suggest that susceptibility to HPAI A(H5N8) virus varies among species of migratory birds and that asymptomatic migratory birds could be carriers of this virus.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A virus infection of gallinaceous birds (e.g., poultry) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates (1). Wild waterfowl, including ducks, are natural reservoir hosts for influenza A viruses and play a role in virus ecology and propagation. However, since 2003, repeated outbreaks of HPAI virus subtype H5N1 infection have occurred in poultry flocks in several Southeast Asia countries, resulting in high mortality rates among domestic ducks and wild migratory birds (2). Several studies have raised concern about the spread of HPAI virus by migratory birds (3–5).
Within the past 10 years, 4 outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) have occurred in South Korea (during winter and spring); migratory birds were identified as putative vectors (6–9). In 2014, an outbreak of HPAI A(H5N8) in South Korea led to the culling of millions of domestic poultry. Hundreds of sick and dead wild birds were collected and tested, and the results confirmed HPAI A(H5N8) virus infection (10,11). Examining the pathologic changes caused by H5N8 virus infection in different wild bird species is essential for understanding their role in the spread of this highly infectious virus. We therefore examined many of the dead or sick wild birds collected during an outbreak of HPAI A(H5N8) virus during 2014 and report the gross and histologic findings and the patterns of virus antigen expression. We examined 8 Baikal teals, 3 bean geese, 1 whooper swan, and 2 mallard ducks naturally infected with HPAI A(H5N8) virus.
Dr. Kim is a veterinary researcher at the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, South Korea. Her research interests include the molecular epidemiology and pathology of avian viral disease.
Acknowledgments
We thank Hyuk-Man Kwon for excellent technical assistance.
This work was supported by a grant from the National Animal Disease Control Project and the Golden Seed Project (213005-04-1-SBA10) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea.
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Suggested citation for this article: Kim HR, Kwon YK, Jang I, Lee YJ, Kang HM, Lee EK, et al. Pathologic changes in wild birds infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 May [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2105.141967
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