jueves, 19 de marzo de 2015

La Crosse Virus in Aedes japonicus japonicus Mosquitoes in the Appalachian Region, United States - Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

FULL-TEXT ►

La Crosse Virus in Aedes japonicus japonicus Mosquitoes in the Appalachian Region, United States - Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC







Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015

Dispatch

La Crosse Virus in Aedes japonicus japonicus Mosquitoes in the Appalachian Region, United States

M. Camille Harris1Comments to Author , Eric J. Dotseth, Bryan T. Jackson, Steven D. Zink, Paul E. Marek, Laura D. Kramer, Sally L. Paulson, and Dana M. Hawley
Author affiliations: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia, USA (M.C. Harris, B.T. Jackson, P.E. Marek, S.L. Paulson, D.M. Hawley)West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Charleston, West Virginia, USA (E.J. Dotseth)New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer)

Abstract

La Crosse virus (LACV), a leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in children in the United States, is emerging in Appalachia. For local arboviral surveillance, mosquitoes were tested. LACV RNA was detected and isolated from Aedes japonicus mosquitoes. These invasive mosquitoes may significantly affect LACV range expansion and dynamics.
La Crosse virus (LACV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus), in the California serogroup, is the major cause of arboviral encephalitis among children in the United States (1). Since its 1963 discovery in Wisconsin, LACV has been identified in 30 other US states (2). These include states within the Appalachian Mountain region (West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Tennessee, and North Carolina), which is an emerging focus of LACV (3).
The primary vectors of LACV, Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes, are present in southwestern Virginia and West Virginia, but 2 invasive congeners—Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus—have recently emerged (3). Both species have been shown to be competent experimental LACV vectors (4,5). Although LACV has been isolated from Ae. albopictus mosquitoes (6), previously it had only been detected in the Asian bush mosquito (Ae. japonicus japonicus) in Tennessee (7). Ae. japonicus mosquitoes are mammalophilic container breeders that co-occur with the primary LACV vector (Ae. triseriatus mosquitoes). Known to feed on humans (8), Ae. japonicus mosquitoes are found in woodlands (where this “rural encephalitis” virus is endemic) and urban areas (9).
Thumbnail of Locations of detection of La Crosse virus (LACV) RNA and virus isolation from Aedes japonicus mosquito pools. The red stars represent counties of the Ae. japonicus LACV isolates, and the blue stars represent counties of Ae. japonicus LACV RNA detection.
Figure 1. Locations of detection of La Crosse virus (LACV) RNA and virus isolation from Aedes japonicus mosquito pools. The red stars represent counties of the Ae. japonicus LACV isolates, and the blue...
To ascertain the public health risk that Ae. japonicus mosquito vectors represent for LACV transmission, we examined mosquitoes from West Virginia and Virginia for presence of this arbovirus. We report 2 independent isolations of LACV from adult Ae. japonicus mosquitoes in southwestern Virginia and 7 field detections of LACV RNA from adults (Virginia and West Virginia) and adults reared from eggs (Virginia). Our findings suggest a potential role of this invasive vector in the ecology of LACV in Appalachia (Figure 1).
Dr. Harris is a wildlife veterinarian and disease ecologist. Her primary research interest is understanding how anthropogenic environmental changes affect disease dynamics, especially zoonotic and vectorborne diseases.

Acknowledgments

We thank Amy Lambert for conducting RT-PCR and sequencing of the 2009 isolate from Montgomery County, Virginia; Dee Petit and Andrew Luna for technical assistance; and Nate Lambert, Allen Patton, Bonnie Fairbanks, Jennifer Miller, and Laila Kirkpatrick for field and laboratory assistance. In West Virginia, Christi Clark, Chris Boner, and Lindsay Kuncher provided laboratory assistance, and field surveillance was conducted by Kristin Alexander, Stephen Catlett, Hannah Cavender, Robert Deneer, Jennifer Beamer Hutson, Mickey King-Fowler, Dustin Mills, Daniel Payne, and Courtney Stamm. We thank the Wadsworth Center sequencing core for sequencing 1 isolate.
Mosquito surveillance in West Virginia was supported in part by a CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases grant. Contributions of M.C.H. were supported in part by a National Institutes of Health Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award for Individual Predoctoral Fellows (no. 1F31AI080160-01A1).

References

  1. McJunkin JEde los Reyes ECIrazuzta JECaceres MJKhan RRMinnich LLLa Crosse encephalitis in children. N Engl J Med2001;344:8017.DOIPubMed
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Confirmed and probable California serogroup virus neuroinvasive disease cases, human, United States, 1964–2010, by state (as of 5/9/2011) [cited 2014 Dec 16]. http://www.cdc.gov/lac/resources/CAL_LAC.pdf
  3. Grim DCJackson BTPaulson SLAbundance and bionomics of Ochlerotatus j. japonicus in two counties in southwestern Virginia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc2007;23:25963 . DOIPubMed
  4. Grimstad PRKobayashi JFZhang MCraig GBRecently introduced Aedes albopictus in the United States–potential vector of La Crosse virus (Bunyaviridae, California serogroup). J Am Mosq Control Assoc1989;5:4227 .PubMed
  5. Sardelis MRTurell MJAndre ARGLaboratory transmission of La Crosse virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol.2002;39:6359DOIPubMed
  6. Gerhardt RRGottfried KLApperson CSDavis BSErwin PCSmith ABFirst isolation of La Crosse virus from naturally infected Aedes albopictus.Emerg Infect Dis2001;7:80711.PubMed
  7. Westby KFritzen CHuang JJaske EPaulsen DJones CLa Crosse encephalitis in eastern Tennessee: evidence of invasive mosquito (Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus japonicus) involvement in the transmission of an indigenous disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85(suppl):374 [cited 2014 Feb 2]. http://www.ajtmh.org/content/85/6_Suppl/351.full.pdf+html?sid=394382c5-4458-4fe8-81b9-a0ad7f0b8628
  8. Molaei GFarajollahi AScott JJGaugler RAndreadis TGHuman bloodfeeding by the recently introduced mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus, and public health implications. J Am Mosq Control Assoc2009;25:2104DOIPubMed
  9. Kaufman MGFonseca DMInvasion biology of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). Annu Rev Entomol2014;59:3149 .DOIPubMed
  10. Haddow ADBixler DOdoi AThe spatial epidemiology and clinical features of reported cases of La Crosse virus infection in West Virginia from 2003 to 2007. BMC Infect Dis2011;11:29DOIPubMed
  11. Lambert AJNasci RSCropp BCMartin DARose BCRussell BJNucleic acid amplification assays for detection of La Crosse virus RNA. J Clin Microbiol2005;43:18859DOIPubMed
  12. Maddison WPMaddison DR. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis, version 2.73. 2010 [cited 2014 Dec 16].http://mesquiteproject.org
  13. Wheeler TJKececioglu JDMultiple alignments by aligning alignments. Bioinformatics2007;23:i55968DOIPubMed
  14. Stamatakis ARAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics.2006;22:268890DOIPubMed
  15. Armstrong PMAndreadis TGA new genetic variant of La Crosse virus (Bunyaviridae) isolated from New England. Am J Trop Med Hyg.2006;75:4916 .PubMed

Figures

Table

Suggested citation for this article: Harris MC, Dotseth EJ, Jackson BT, Zink SD, Marek PE, Kramer LD, et al. La Crosse virus in Aedes japonicus japonicusmosquitoes in the Appalachian Region, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Apr [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2104.140734
DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.140734
1Current affiliation: United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA.

No hay comentarios:

Publicar un comentario