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CDC - Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccine - Vaccine Safety

CDC - Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccine - Vaccine Safety



Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccines: DTaP, Td, and Tdap

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are three bacterial diseases that are often vaccinated against with a single shot.
  • Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death.
  • Tetanus (lockjaw) is a serious disease that causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw so the victim cannot open his mouth or swallow. Tetanus leads to death in about 1 in 10 cases.
  • Whooping cough — known medically as pertussis — is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. Although it initially resembles an ordinary cold, whooping cough may eventually turn more serious, particularly in infants.
The best way to prevent these diseases is through vaccinations. These vaccines include DTaP, Tdap, and Td.
DTaP vaccine is given to children up to 7 years of age.  It is often given at the same time as other vaccines, and is part of several available combination vaccines.  Td andTdap vaccines are given to adolescents and adults.
Clinical trials and post-licensure monitoring data show that DTaP, Td and Tdap vaccines are safe. DTaP vaccines may cause mild reactions, including tenderness and redness where the shot was given, drowsiness, headache, diarrhea, fussiness and low-grade fever, which can begin a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination. Td and Tdap vaccines may occasionally cause mild reactions as well, such as pain, tenderness, and redness where the shot was given, headache, low fever, tiredness, and nausea. On very rare occasions, severe (anaphylactic) allergic reactions may occur after vaccination, including hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, and weakness.

How CDC Monitors the Safety of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccines

CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)External Web Site Icon closely monitor the safety of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines. Problems detected with these vaccines will be reported to health officials, health care providers, and the public. Needed action will be taken to ensure the public’s health and safety. 
CDC uses 3 main monitoring systems:

A Closer Look at the Safety Data

DTaP

Toddler boy getting vaccinated

  • DTaP studies among VAERSExternal Web Site Icon reports found no health concernsExternal Web Site Icon related to the vaccine.
  • Several studies of DTaP vaccine safety have looked for neurologic problems (see also hereExternal Web Site Icon) or seizuresExternal Web Site Icon after children were vaccinated, and found that there is no increased risk for these concerns. 
  • DTaP may cause mild injection site reactions.  However, severe reactions are unusual, and may be less frequentExternal Web Site Iconwhen the vaccine is injected into the leg than into the arm.  Reactions are not any more frequentExternal Web Site Icon when DTaP is combined with other vaccines.

Tdap

More Resources

nurse vaccinating elderly lady

Related Scientific Articles

DTaP

Huang WT, Gargiullo PM, Broder KR, Weintraub ES, Iskander JK, Klein NP, Baggs JM; Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Lack of association between acellular pertussis vaccine and seizures in early childhoodExternal Web Site Icon. Pediatrics. 2010 Aug;126(2):263-9.
Jackson LA, Yu O, Nelson JC, Dominguez C, Peterson D, Baxter R, Hambidge SJ, Naleway AL, Belongia EA, Nordin JD, Baggs J; Vaccine Safety Datalink Team.  Injection site and risk of medically attended local reactions to acellular pertussis vaccine.External Web Site Icon Pediatrics. 2011 Mar;127(3):e581-7.
Moore DL, Le Saux N, Scheifele D, Halperin SA; Members of the Canadian Paediatric Society/Health Canada Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT). Lack of evidence of encephalopathy related to pertussis vaccine: active surveillance by IMPACT, Canada, 1993-2002External Web Site Icon. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(6):568-71.

Tdap

Halperin SA, Sweet L, Baxendale D, Neatby A, Rykers P, Smith B, Zelman M, Maus D, Lavigne P, Decker MD. How soon after a prior tetanus-diphtheria vaccination can one give adult formulation tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine?External Web Site Icon Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(3):195-200.
Jackson LA, Yu O, Nelson J, Belongia EA, Hambidge SJ, Baxter R, Naleway A, Nordin J, Baggs J, Iskander J. Risk of medically attended local reactions following diphtheria toxoid containing vaccines in adolescents and young adults: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study.External Web Site Icon Vaccine. 2009 Aug 6;27(36):4912-6.
Yih WK, Nordin JD, Kulldorff M, Lewis E, Lieu TA, Shi P, Weintraub ES. An assessment of the safety of adolescent and adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, using active surveillance for adverse events in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.External Web Site Icon Vaccine. 2009 Jul 9;27(32):4257-62.
Nordin JD, Yih WK, Kulldorff M, Weintraub E.  Tdap and GBS (letter)External Web Site Icon.Vaccine. 2011 Feb 1;29(6):1122.
Zheteyeva YA, Moro PL, Tepper NK, et al. Adverse event reports after tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines in pregnant womenExternal Web Site Icon. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;207:59.e1-7.

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